Crack do prey chomikuj

The bees' strange defensive tactic evolved because their venomous stingers are too small to pierce the thick exoskeletons of the giant hornets—insects which can grow about two inches five centimeters long. The quivering of muscle fibers from so many bees creates real heat that kills off the predators.

European honeybee hives, common in the U. They can't sting through them. These hornets can bring down entire colonies," said Wulfi Gronenberg , a neuroscientist at the University of Arizona who was not involved in the new study.

Watch a video of "hornets from hell" attacking bees. Researchers already knew hundreds of buzzing bees can warm the centers of "hot defensive bee balls" to about degrees Fahrenheit 47 degrees Celsius for an hour without dying, according to the study. But scientists weren't certain how the insects' bodies pull off the stunt. Lacking the Japanese bees' cooking skills, a group of Japanese scientists looked into honeybees' genetic code and brain structure. They started by heating honeybees up to bee-ball temperatures and looking for unusual genetic activity in the bees' brains.

The team found that at least one immediate early gene—a kind of gene that polices the function of many other genes—became much more active within the brains of Japanese honeybees compared with those of European honeybees.

Specifically, the team traced the boosted genetic activity to a region of the honeybee's brain called the mushroom body. Get a genetics overview. In a second experiment, the scientists staged a hornet attack on Japanese honeybees and examined the bees' brains and genetics.

In , Botswana outlawed all commercial trophy hunting within it's borders. As expected, this infuriated the hunting industry, who in turn shouted out all sorts of alarmist projections. However, according to Wildlife photographic companies, wildlife areas under photographic tourism delivered times more benefits toBotswana than the hunting areas.

Photographic tourism pays much greaterdividends in terms of salaries and wages, skill transfers, training, associatedbusinesses like airlines, restaurants, hotels, goods and service suppliers. Also much greater benefit to the Government in termstaxes. Each and every hunting area is now being converted or is in a process of beingconverted to photographic tourism.

Even some of the so-called "marginal areas". There are those in the hunting industry who are stirring trouble, but that isall "baloney". The only people who are suffering are those employed by thehunting industry as trackers and those are not employable withtheir current "skills". The decision by the Government was a simple one — they were simply notgetting the benefits they expected from the vast tracts of land allocated tohunting. Topic: Paul Ryan. Former Republican House Speaker and onetime vice presidential nominee Paul Ryan returned to the public eye Thursday with a speech in California where he cautioned his party about the dangers of so-called Trumpism.

Joe Biden's presidential victory, with Sen. Kamala Harris as vice president, is the highlight of a long career marked by victory and personal tragedy. When former Vice President Joe Biden accepts the Democratic presidential nomination Thursday night, it will mark the highest point in a political career that began in with election to a Delaware county council. Voters in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Connecticut and Vermont cast votes in primary contests on Tuesday to determine final races for November as Georgia held a pair of runoff contests from its June primary.

Defense Secretary Mark Esper announced Monday that his chief of staff Eric Chewning will step down at the end of the month to return to the private sector amid mounting tensions with Iran. John Conyers Jr. Stocks were down Thursday as the market reacted to fallout from the Federal Reserve's interest rate hike and concerns over a potential government shutdown. The House approved a bill overhauling the country's criminal justice system, sending the legislation to President Donald Trump's desk for a signature.

What makes them so important that people risk their lives to save them from being burned? And why do they always end up at Australia customs? There are several different kinds of type specimens, the most important being the holotype. When a species is formally described, scientist often base that description on a single specimen.

This specimen is supposed to be preserved, to be made available for other researchers, often by placing it in a major museum collection. This is the holotype. For example, if there are uncertainties as to whether a specimen belongs to a certain species, it can be compared to the holotype for that species. This is why type specimens get shipped between institutions around the world so often. But a holotype might not necessarily have all the characteristics of a species.

In this case, the species description is based on several specimens. Often in the past, there was no holotype declared, and and those specimens were used as name-bearers.

These are called syntypes. The main difference between a lectotype and a holotype is that the lectotype is declared after the original species description is published. Nowadays, a holotype has to be selected upon discovery of a new species.

Any other specimens mentioned in order to fill out the description are called paratypes. Paratypes were often collected at the same time and location as the holotype and, in contrast to syntypes, they are not name-bearing.

Holotypes do get lost though. As mentioned above, they can also be destroyed. In this case, another specimen can become the name-bearing type neotype , often using the help of existing paratypes or syntypes. However if there are no paratypes, it might become impossible to find a neotype for a species.